基于DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据的长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变（1992～2013）

研究长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变，对于透视长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变特征和规律以及促进长江经济带城镇体系空间格局优化发展有着重要意义。利用多时相同期Landsat卫星数据以及运用聚类分析方法对长江经济带夜间灯光数据进行校正，并采用其他辅助数据法对比分析获取城镇建成区面积的阈值，在此阈值基础之上选取景观总面积、总斑块数量和聚集度指数等总共8个典型景观格局指标, 继而使用FRAG-STATS 4.2 软件对1992~2013年间长江经济带城镇发展的空间格局变化进行计算分析。研究结果表明：(1）1992~2013年间，长江经济带城镇化快速扩展，城镇建成区面积增加了9.68倍，斑块数量增加了2.39倍，斑块密度也得到较大的增加，反映出长江经济带城镇数量不断增加和城镇建成区面积不断扩大；（2）景观斑块形状复杂度逐渐上升，中小城市不断壮大，同时出现了较多的新兴小城镇，总边界长度和平均边界密度的年均增长速度分别为21.56%和21.58%，体现了长江经济带城镇间聚集度越来越高，相互影响也越来越大；(3）最大斑块指数和聚集度指数两个指标在整体上呈现出逐年下降的态势，但是景观总面积、总斑块数量和斑块密度等8个指标在演变过程中均存在一定的波动和无序化，反映出长江经济带在城镇化过程中呈现出不规则和无序化的特征。     

茶园土壤酸化对氟的影响及茶叶氟安全限量的探讨

在分析国内外茶园土壤酸化现状的基础上,概述了关于土壤水溶性氟与土壤pH值关系的研究进展,并通过实地调研和培养实验研究了茶园土壤酸化对土壤水溶性氟的影响.实地调研中土壤水溶性氟含量与土壤pH值无显著相关性.培养实验中,当pH＞4.00时,模拟土壤水溶性氟含量随土壤pH值的下降变化不显著;而当pH＜4.00时,土壤水溶性氟含量随着pH值的下降迅速增加,且达到极显著水平.同时描述了世界各国制订的每人每天最大摄氟量标准,对我国现行茶叶标准与国外一些国家的同类标准之间的差异做了评析.茶叶溶出实验的结果表明,我国茶叶氟安全限量需要进一步完善.     

基于缓冲区重采样的LSTM林火预测模型*

为提高林火风险预测精度,挖掘地图上隐含的空间信息、时间序列上隐含的长期趋势和循环波动,提出1种基于缓冲区重采样的长短期记忆（LSTM）林火预测模型,选取15个与林火相关的影响因素,以方差膨胀因子为评价指标对其进行多重共线性检验,方差膨胀因子大于10的因素具有共线性,并采用信息增益率验证筛选结果的合理性。考虑到火灾的空间聚集特性,采用缓冲区分析与过采样相结合方法减少样本不均衡现象的影响,最终得到176 732条样本。对12个影响因素和研究时间段的火点建立LSTM预测模型,对森林火灾发生风险进行预测。研究结果表明:基于缓冲区重采样的LSTM林火预测模型有效考虑时空上隐含的信息,预测模型准确率为87.06%,特异性为97.99%,敏感度为76.12%,阳性预测率为97.43%,阴性预测率为80.41%,ROC曲线与AUC值均优于随机森林（RF）和支持向量机（SVM）这2种基准算法。维尔克松秩和检验发现,本文提出的模型与基准算法结果具有显著性差异。研究结果可为提高林火风险预测精度提供参考。     

地裂缝上内廊式框架结构计算分析

通过查阅大量参考资料,根据地裂缝的成因机制与灾害特征,利用西安地区1989年第三季度—1990年第四季度的地裂缝实测数据,以四层内廊式横向框架结构模型为研究对象,采用SAP2000有限元软件,对地裂缝上的建筑结构进行内力变化和结构变形的分析和对比,从而标识出结构中最容易破坏的构件,为建筑结构设计提供一定的理论参考。     

固定污染源废气监测工况核查重点

在多年废气固定污染源监测工作经验的基础上,对装置和设施的生产运行状态（即工况）影响固定污染源监测结果质量的因素进行了分析和总结,提出了相关的工况核查重点及方法。     

汞分析仪直接测定土壤中总汞的方法研究

建立了利用RP91C-RA915M汞分析仪直接测定土壤中总汞的方法。该方法直接固体进样,省去了常规方法加酸消解、赶酸、定容等繁琐的前处理步骤;利用标准土壤绘制工作曲线,无需反复稀释标准储备液配制标准溶液,测定了方法检出限、精密度及准确度。结果表明此方法准确、可靠,是一个比较理想的分析方法。本方法的检出限为0.25μg/kg,相对标准偏差为1.98%~4.92%,标准样品测定准确,加标回收率为92.8%~106%。     

某麦芽生产厂废水管理与处理实践研究

麦芽生产过程包括清选、浸麦、发芽、烘干以及除根等工序,废水主要来自于浸麦、发芽等工序。某麦芽生产厂根据麦芽过程用水和废水产生的特点,采用设备改进、加强工艺管理、用水管理、废水回用、提高员工技能等措施,通过源头削减和生产全过程控制,合理调节生产用水,降低生产用水量和废水产生量,麦芽生产水耗指标为2.4 m3水/吨麦芽。麦芽废水采用SBR工艺进行处理,出水水质满足排放标准要求。该麦芽企业废水管理和处理经验为同行业提供了较好的案例。     

热脱附-气相色谱法测定空气中的总挥发性有机化合物研究

建立了热脱附-毛细管气相色谱法测定空气中苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对/间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯和十一烷等挥发性有机物的检测方法。九种挥发性有机物在一定浓度范围内标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0.997~0.999之间。检出限在0.002~0.005 mg/m3(采样体积1.0 L计)。用该方法检测了企业产生的有机废气及厂区周边环境空气,实验结果表明该方法灵敏度高、操作简单、重现性好、准确可靠,能够满足对实际样品的分析要求。     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.